Clean Air Metals PEA Delivers C$219.4 M pre-tax NPV, 39% IRR for the Thunder Bay North Project

Original announcement by tmx on

Company
Clean Air Metals Inc.
Ticker
AIR
Exchange
TSX
Region
Ontario
Primary commodity
Platinum
Secondary commodities
Palladium, Copper, Nickel, Gold, Silver
Document categories
Resource update, Other
Extracted
2026-09-13 11:24:58 UTC

Analysis by Minestarters Atlas

Minestarters Atlas analysis

Summary

Clean Air Metals announced a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for its Thunder Bay North Project, outlining an 11-year mine life with a pre-tax NPV of C$219.4 million and an IRR of 39%. The PEA is based on an updated NI 43-101 compliant resource estimate, which includes 14.9 million tonnes of Indicated resources grading 2.66 g/t 2PGE, 0.40% Cu, and 0.24% Ni, plus 2.49 million tonnes of Inferred resources. The project benefits from a low initial capital cost of C$89.5 million and a quick payback period of 2.5 years, with potential for even stronger economics at current spot metal prices.

Reasoning: Clean Air Metals announced a positive Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for its Thunder Bay North Project, demonstrating robust economics with a significant pre-tax NPV and IRR, supported by an updated NI 43-101 compliant resource estimate. The project focuses on critical minerals (PGE-Cu-Ni) and benefits from a low initial CAPEX and favorable market dynamics for PGEs, despite the PEA's reliance on Inferred resources and a pending toll milling agreement.

Positive factors

  • Strong PEA economics with C$219.4M pre-tax NPV and 39% IRR
  • Updated resource estimate with significant Indicated tonnage (14.9 Mt)
  • Project focuses on critical minerals (PGEs, Cu, Ni)
  • Low initial capital expenditure (C$89.5M) and quick payback (2.5 years)
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Positive market outlook for PGEs with potential for higher economics at spot prices

Negative factors

  • No Mineral Reserves currently, PEA includes Inferred Mineral Resources
  • Toll milling agreement not yet in place, introducing some uncertainty

Low confidence — this extraction should be reviewed alongside the original source.

Facts used in scoring: 42

Classification and evidence

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: The document announces an 'updated resource' estimate for the Thunder Bay North Project.

Evidence · text

“updated resource”

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: The PEA and updated resource were prepared by 'Qualified Persons' under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.

Evidence · text

“independent 'Qualified Persons' under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.”

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: The PEA was independently prepared by named 'Qualified Persons' under NI 43-101.

Evidence · text

“independently prepared by Mr. Denis Decharte, P. Eng of SLR, Mr. Michael Selby, P. Eng of Technica Mining, Mr. Charlie Buck, P. Eng of XPS and Mrs. Maria Story of Story Environmental, who are considered independent 'Qualified Persons' under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.”

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: The resource estimate uses an underground constrained model with a Net Smelter Return (NSR) cut-off value of US$46/tonne.

Evidence · text

“underground constrained resource model using a Net Smelter Return (NSR) cut-off value of US$46/tonne”

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: The updated resource includes a significant 14.9 million tonnes of Indicated resources.

Evidence · text

“14.9M tonne indicated resource”

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: The updated resource includes 2.49 million tonnes of Inferred resources, which are considered speculative.

Evidence · text

“2.49M tonnes of inferred resource”

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: The document is a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for the project.

Evidence · text

“Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA)”

Extracted facts

Stored fact records: 42. Some facts used in scoring do not have a stored record.

Resource Estimates (42)

indicatedThunder Bay North · platinumTonnes: 8870000Grade: 1.39Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 396Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
platinum
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
1.39
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
396
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for platinum at Current Lake contributes significantly to the project's overall economic viability, with a solid grade and tonnage, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for platinum
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.39”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · palladiumTonnes: 8870000Grade: 1.3Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 370Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
palladium
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
1.3
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
370
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for palladium at Current Lake contributes significantly to the project's overall economic viability, with a solid grade and tonnage, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for palladium
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.30”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · goldTonnes: 8870000Grade: 0.09Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 25Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
gold
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
0.09
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
25
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Indicated resource for gold at Current Lake, while low grade, adds to the polymetallic nature of the project and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.09”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · silverTonnes: 8870000Grade: 1.96Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 560Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
silver
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
1.96
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
560
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Indicated resource for silver at Current Lake, while low grade, adds to the polymetallic nature of the project and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.96”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · copperTonnes: 8870000Grade: 0.32Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 29Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
copper
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
0.32
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
29
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for copper at Current Lake provides a valuable byproduct credit to the project economics, supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for copper
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.32”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · nickelTonnes: 8870000Grade: 0.22Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 19Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
nickel
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
0.22
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
19
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for nickel at Current Lake provides a valuable byproduct credit to the project economics, supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for nickel
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.22”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · 2pgeTonnes: 8870000Grade: 2.68Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 766Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
2pge
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101, other
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:6019a9e86ced5f03e5fc
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
8870000
Grade
2.68
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
766
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Metal Eq. Grade
2.68
Metal Eq. Unit
g/t 2PGE
Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for 2PGE (Platinum + Palladium) at Current Lake represents a key value driver for the project, with a solid grade and tonnage, and is supported by robust reporting standards and disclosed equivalent assumptions.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for 2PGE
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified
  • Metal equivalent assumptions disclosed

Evidence · table

“2.68”

Context: 8.87

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · platinumTonnes: 1650000Grade: 0.91Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 48Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
platinum
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
0.91
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
48
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for platinum at Current Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.91”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · palladiumTonnes: 1650000Grade: 0.83Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 44Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
palladium
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
0.83
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
44
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for palladium at Current Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.83”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · goldTonnes: 1650000Grade: 0.07Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 4Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
gold
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
0.07
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
4
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for gold at Current Lake is very low grade and in a speculative category, requiring further work to establish economic viability.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence
  • Very low grade for gold

Evidence · table

“0.07”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · silverTonnes: 1650000Grade: 1.91Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 102Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
silver
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
1.91
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
102
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for silver at Current Lake is very low grade and in a speculative category, requiring further work to establish economic viability.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence
  • Very low grade for silver

Evidence · table

“1.91”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · copperTonnes: 1650000Grade: 0.32Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 5Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
copper
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
0.32
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
5
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for copper at Current Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.32”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · nickelTonnes: 1650000Grade: 0.21Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 3Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
nickel
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
0.21
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
3
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for nickel at Current Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.21”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · 2pgeTonnes: 1650000Grade: 1.74Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 93Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
2pge
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101, other
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:77a49557ae06e4e19469
Deposit or zone
Current Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
1650000
Grade
1.74
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
93
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Metal Eq. Grade
1.74
Metal Eq. Unit
g/t 2PGE
Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for 2PGE (Platinum + Palladium) at Current Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified
  • Metal equivalent assumptions disclosed

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“1.74”

Context: 1.65

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · platinumTonnes: 6030000Grade: 1.17Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 226Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
platinum
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
1.17
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
226
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for platinum at Escape Lake contributes significantly to the project's overall economic viability, with a solid grade and tonnage, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for platinum
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.17”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · palladiumTonnes: 6030000Grade: 1.45Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 282Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
palladium
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
1.45
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
282
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for palladium at Escape Lake contributes significantly to the project's overall economic viability, with a solid grade and tonnage, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for palladium
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.45”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · goldTonnes: 6030000Grade: 0.11Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 21Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
gold
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
0.11
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
21
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Indicated resource for gold at Escape Lake, while low grade, adds to the polymetallic nature of the project and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.11”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · silverTonnes: 6030000Grade: 3.3Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 640Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
silver
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
3.3
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
640
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Indicated resource for silver at Escape Lake, while low grade, adds to the polymetallic nature of the project and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“3.30”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · copperTonnes: 6030000Grade: 0.52Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 31Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
copper
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
0.52
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
31
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for copper at Escape Lake provides a valuable byproduct credit to the project economics, supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for copper
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.52”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · nickelTonnes: 6030000Grade: 0.28Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 17Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
nickel
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
0.28
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
17
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for nickel at Escape Lake provides a valuable byproduct credit to the project economics, supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for nickel
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.28”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · 2pgeTonnes: 6030000Grade: 2.62Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 508Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
2pge
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101, other
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:caa93b5995d4f040ae42
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
6030000
Grade
2.62
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
508
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Metal Eq. Grade
2.62
Metal Eq. Unit
g/t 2PGE
Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: This Indicated resource for 2PGE (Platinum + Palladium) at Escape Lake represents a key value driver for the project, with a solid grade and tonnage, and is supported by robust reporting standards and disclosed equivalent assumptions.

Positive factors

  • Significant Indicated resource tonnage and grade for 2PGE
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified
  • Metal equivalent assumptions disclosed

Evidence · table

“2.62”

Context: 6.03

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · platinumTonnes: 830000Grade: 0.63Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 17Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
platinum
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
0.63
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
17
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for platinum at Escape Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.63”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · palladiumTonnes: 830000Grade: 0.75Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 20Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
palladium
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
0.75
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
20
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for palladium at Escape Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.75”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · goldTonnes: 830000Grade: 0.05Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 1Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
gold
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
0.05
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
1
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for gold at Escape Lake is very low grade and in a speculative category, requiring further work to establish economic viability.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence
  • Very low grade for gold

Evidence · table

“0.05”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · silverTonnes: 830000Grade: 1.61Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 43Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
silver
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
1.61
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
43
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for silver at Escape Lake is very low grade and in a speculative category, requiring further work to establish economic viability.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence
  • Very low grade for silver

Evidence · table

“1.61”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · copperTonnes: 830000Grade: 0.27Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 2Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
copper
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
0.27
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
2
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for copper at Escape Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.27”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · nickelTonnes: 830000Grade: 0.17Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 1Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
nickel
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
0.17
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
1
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for nickel at Escape Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.17”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · 2pgeTonnes: 830000Grade: 1.37Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 37Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
2pge
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101, other
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:13189c2830b213e605df
Deposit or zone
Escape Lake
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
830000
Grade
1.37
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
37
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Metal Eq. Grade
1.37
Metal Eq. Unit
g/t 2PGE
Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The Inferred resource for 2PGE (Platinum + Palladium) at Escape Lake provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified
  • Metal equivalent assumptions disclosed

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“1.37”

Context: 0.83

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · platinumTonnes: 14900000Grade: 1.3Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 622Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
platinum
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
1.3
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
622
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for platinum is a material component of the project's economics, with a substantial tonnage and grade, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant total Indicated resource tonnage and grade for platinum
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.30”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · palladiumTonnes: 14900000Grade: 1.36Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 652Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
palladium
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
1.36
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
652
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for palladium is a material component of the project's economics, with a substantial tonnage and grade, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant total Indicated resource tonnage and grade for palladium
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“1.36”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · goldTonnes: 14900000Grade: 0.1Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 47Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
gold
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
0.1
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
47
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for gold, while low grade, contributes to the polymetallic nature of the project and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.10”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · silverTonnes: 14900000Grade: 2.51Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 1201Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
silver
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
2.51
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
1201
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for silver, while low grade, contributes to the polymetallic nature of the project and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“2.51”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · copperTonnes: 14900000Grade: 0.4Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 60Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
copper
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
0.4
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
60
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for copper is a material component of the project's economics, providing valuable byproduct credits, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant total Indicated resource tonnage and grade for copper
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.40”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · nickelTonnes: 14900000Grade: 0.24Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 36Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
nickel
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
0.24
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
36
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for nickel is a material component of the project's economics, providing valuable byproduct credits, and is supported by robust reporting standards.

Positive factors

  • Significant total Indicated resource tonnage and grade for nickel
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Evidence · table

“0.24”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

indicatedThunder Bay North · 2pgeTonnes: 14900000Grade: 2.66Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 1274Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
2pge
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101, other
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:d891e85f257b997bb2d0
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
indicated
Tonnes
14900000
Grade
2.66
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
1274
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Metal Eq. Grade
2.66
Metal Eq. Unit
g/t 2PGE
Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Indicated resource for 2PGE (Platinum + Palladium) is a material component of the project's economics, with a substantial tonnage and grade, and is supported by robust reporting standards and disclosed equivalent assumptions.

Positive factors

  • Significant total Indicated resource tonnage and grade for 2PGE
  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified
  • Metal equivalent assumptions disclosed

Evidence · table

“2.66”

Context: 14.90

Tags used in scoring

Indicated Resourcepositive

Reasonable geological confidence based on adequate drilling; continuity can be assumed. Basis for Probable Reserves.

Why it applies: category is "indicated"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · platinumTonnes: 2490000Grade: 0.81Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 65Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
platinum
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
0.81
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
65
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for platinum provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.81”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · palladiumTonnes: 2490000Grade: 0.8Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 64Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
palladium
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
0.8
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
64
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for palladium provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.80”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · goldTonnes: 2490000Grade: 0.07Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 5Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
gold
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
0.07
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
5
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for gold is very low grade and in a speculative category, requiring further work to establish economic viability.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence
  • Very low grade for gold

Evidence · table

“0.07”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · silverTonnes: 2490000Grade: 1.81Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 144Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
silver
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
1.81
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
144
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for silver is very low grade and in a speculative category, requiring further work to establish economic viability.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence
  • Very low grade for silver

Evidence · table

“1.81”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · copperTonnes: 2490000Grade: 0.31Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 8Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
copper
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
0.31
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
8
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for copper provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.31”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · nickelTonnes: 2490000Grade: 0.19Grade Unit: %Contained Metal: 5Contained Unit: ktView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
nickel
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
0.19
Grade Unit
%
Contained Metal
5
Contained Unit
kt
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for nickel provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“0.19”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

inferredThunder Bay North · 2pgeTonnes: 2490000Grade: 1.62Grade Unit: g/tContained Metal: 129Contained Unit: kozView all details
Link to this fact

Identity

Project
Thunder Bay North
Commodity
2pge
Region
canada_on
Reported Region
Ontario
Ticker
AIR

Resource scope

Estimate type
resource
Reporting standards
ni_43_101, other
QP Signed
Yes
Qualified person names
Denis Decharte, Michael Selby, Charlie Buck, Maria Story
Resource group id
resource:053a9d2422e1e7f06fac
Deposit or zone
Total
Mining method
underground
Ownership percent
100 %

Resource Data

Category
inferred
Tonnes
2490000
Grade
1.62
Grade Unit
g/t
Contained Metal
129
Contained Unit
koz
Cutoff Grade
46
Cutoff Unit
US$/tonne

Prior Estimate

Resource Date
2025-04-01

Metal Equivalent

Metal Eq. Grade
1.62
Metal Eq. Unit
g/t 2PGE
Assumptions Disclosed
Yes

Review

Needs Review
No
Historical
No

Dates

Event date
2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: The total Inferred resource for 2PGE (Platinum + Palladium) provides additional potential but requires further drilling to upgrade confidence, despite being part of an NI 43-101 compliant estimate.

Positive factors

  • Resource is NI 43-101 compliant and QP signed
  • Underground mining method specified
  • Metal equivalent assumptions disclosed

Negative factors

  • Inferred resource category implies lower geological confidence

Evidence · table

“1.62”

Context: 2.49

Tags used in scoring

Inferred Resourcenegative

Speculative category — limited drilling, geological continuity assumed but not confirmed. Cannot support economic studies alone.

Why it applies: category is "inferred"

Cut-off Disclosedpositive

Cut-off grade used for resource reporting is clearly stated, enabling like-for-like comparison.

Why it applies: cutoff_grade is stated

QP/CP Signedpositive

Qualified Person (QP) or Competent Person (CP) named and signed off — a member of a recognized professional association (e.g., AusIMM, SME, AIG, P.Geo) with relevant experience.

Why it applies: qp_signed is true

NI 43-101 Compliantpositive

Resource estimate prepared in compliance with NI 43-101 (Canada) — high reporting standard.

Why it applies: reporting_standards includes ni_43_101

Resource Updateneutral

Revised estimate for an existing resource — compare to prior to assess progress.

Why it applies: the release compares against a previous estimate

PEA-Supportingneutral

Resource estimate prepared to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment — early-stage study.

Why it applies: the release names the study this estimate supports

How Atlas produces this analysis

Minestarters Atlas uses automated extraction to summarize mining announcements, identify reported measurements, and classify supporting evidence. Sentiment reflects the extracted narrative and classification rules; it is an interpretation, not a reported measurement. Evidence quotes and context are provided where available. Missing data, low-confidence results, and review flags indicate limitations. Check the original publisher announcement before relying on an interpretation.