# Grid Metals Corp. Announces Grassroots Nickel Sulfide Surface Discovery at Makwa

Canonical Atlas analysis: https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1

Original source: https://money.tmx.com/en/quote/GRDM/news/5344539966123862/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa

Publisher: tmx

Original announcement: 2025-08-11T11:15:00.000Z

Analysis by Minestarters Atlas

Atlas analysis published: Unknown date

Atlas analysis updated: Unknown date

- Company: Grid Metals Corp.

- Ticker: GRDM

- Exchange: TSX

- Region: Manitoba

- Primary commodity: Nickel

- Secondary commodities: Copper, Cobalt, Sulfur

- Document categories: Drill results, Other

- Extracted: 2026-09-16 03:11:43 UTC

Narrative sentiment: 0.60 · Bullish

## Minestarters Atlas summary

Grid Metals Corp. has announced a new surface discovery of semi-massive nickel sulfide mineralization at its Makwa project in Manitoba. The mineralization was identified at the Pavo Anomaly via grab samples, with peak nickel grades of up to 1.1%. Drilling is anticipated to commence in Fall 2025.

Reasoning: The announcement reports a new surface discovery of nickel mineralization at the Makwa project, which is a significant grassroots exploration milestone, though it lacks drill-hole validation.

- Positive factor: discovery of semi-massive nickel sulfide mineralization at surface

- Positive factor: association with a new geophysical anomaly \(Pavo\)

- Positive factor: location in a structural feeder to the Bird River Sill

- Positive factor: QA/QC protocols disclosed including certified lab and CRMs

- Negative factor: results are from surface grab samples only, not drill intercepts

- Negative factor: access was restricted by forest fires

Facts used in scoring: 12

## Classification and evidence

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: The release details the use of Actlabs, certified reference materials \(CRMs\), and analytical blanks.

Evidence · text

> The Company is using several different certified reference materials \("CRMs"\) and one analytical blank

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: The discovery is positioned as analogous to the Eagle's Nest deposit in the Ring of Fire district.

Evidence · text

> The target model is a footwall-hosted Ni-Cu-PGE deposit similar to the Eagle's Nest deposit

## Extracted facts

Stored fact records: 12. Some facts used in scoring do not have a stored record.

## Drill Results (12)

### Fact 1

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-0)

nickel

#### Identity

- Commodity: nickel
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.84
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296925:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 0.84% Ni in a grab sample is a positive indicator of mineralization but lacks the continuity of a drill intercept.

- Negative factor: surface grab sample only

Evidence · table

> 0.84

Context: C1296925

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 2

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-1)

copper

#### Identity

- Commodity: copper
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.2
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296925:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: Presence of copper alongside nickel in a surface sample supports a Ni-Cu discovery model.

Evidence · table

> 0.20

Context: C1296925

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 3

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-2)

cobalt

#### Identity

- Commodity: cobalt
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.1
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296925:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: Trace cobalt detected in surface sample.

Evidence · table

> 0.10

Context: C1296925

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 4

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-3)

sulfur

#### Identity

- Commodity: sulfur
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 24.5
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296925:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: High sulfur content \(24.5%\) confirms the presence of semi-massive sulfides.

- Positive factor: high sulfur content indicates sulfide mineralization

Evidence · table

> 24.5

Context: C1296925

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 5

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-4)

nickel

#### Identity

- Commodity: nickel
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.62
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296927:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 0.62% Ni in a grab sample.

Evidence · table

> 0.62

Context: C1296927

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 6

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-5)

copper

#### Identity

- Commodity: copper
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.12
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296927:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 0.12% Cu in a grab sample.

Evidence · table

> 0.12

Context: C1296927

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 7

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-6)

cobalt

#### Identity

- Commodity: cobalt
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.07
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296927:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 0.07% Co in a grab sample.

Evidence · table

> 0.07

Context: C1296927

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 8

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-7)

sulfur

#### Identity

- Commodity: sulfur
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 18.7
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296927:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 18.7% S confirms sulfide presence.

- Positive factor: high sulfur content

Evidence · table

> 18.7

Context: C1296927

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 9

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-8)

nickel

#### Identity

- Commodity: nickel
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 1.13
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296973:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 1.13% Ni is a strong surface grade for a nickel discovery.

- Positive factor: peak nickel grade of 1.13%

- Negative factor: surface grab sample only

Evidence · table

> 1.13

Context: C1296973

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 10

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-9)

copper

#### Identity

- Commodity: copper
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.08
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296973:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 0.08% Cu in a grab sample.

Evidence · table

> 0.08

Context: C1296973

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 11

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-10)

cobalt

#### Identity

- Commodity: cobalt
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 0.11
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296973:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 0.11% Co in a grab sample.

Evidence · table

> 0.11

Context: C1296973

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

### Fact 12

[Link to this fact](https://atlas-extractions.minestarters.com/news/grid-metals-corp-announces-grassroots-nickel-sulfide-surface-discovery-at-makwa--ceeefe7e-5f0b-4bda-a7e9-aa718f97a7a1#fact-drill-facts-11)

sulfur

#### Identity

- Commodity: sulfur
- Region: canada\_mb
- Reported Region: Manitoba
- Ticker: GRDM

#### Geometry

- Grade: 28.3
- Grade Unit: %

#### Classification

- Sample Type: surface
- Group ID: C1296973:surface

#### Location

- Location: Pavo Anomaly
- Loc. Source: document

#### QA/QC

- Laboratory: Actlabs \(Thunder Bay\)
- QA/QC Disclosed: Yes
- Lab Certified: Yes
- QP Signed: Yes
- QA/QC Methods: standards, blanks

#### Review

- Needs Review: No
- Interp. Status: scored
- Historical: No

#### Dates

- Event date: 2025-08-11T00:00:00.000Z

Reasoning: 28.3% S confirms high-grade sulfide mineralization.

- Positive factor: high sulfur content

Evidence · table

> 28.3

Context: C1296973

#### Tags used in scoring

**QA/QC Disclosed**

Polarity: positive

Definition: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods \(blanks, standards, duplicates\).

Why it applies: qaqc\_disclosed is true

**Cut-off Undisclosed**

Polarity: negative

Definition: High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.

Why it applies: no cutoff\_grade was stated

**Nearology Play**

Polarity: neutral

Definition: Value premise rests on proximity to a known deposit rather than own results.

Why it applies: proximity is offered as the value premise: "The Donner Property \(Li-Cs\) is adjacent to the Mayville Property, and Grid owns 75% of the project."

## How Atlas produces this analysis

Minestarters Atlas uses automated extraction to summarize mining announcements, identify reported measurements, and classify supporting evidence. Sentiment reflects the extracted narrative and classification rules; it is an interpretation, not a reported measurement. Evidence quotes and context are provided where available. Missing data, low-confidence results, and review flags indicate limitations. Check the original publisher announcement before relying on an interpretation.
