Midland Continues to Discover New Gold Mineralization at the Caniapisc Au Project, James Bay
Original announcement by tmx on
- Company
- Midland Exploration Inc.
- Ticker
- MD
- Exchange
- TSX
- Region
- James Bay
- Primary commodity
- Gold
- Secondary commodities
- Zinc, Silver, Manganese
- Document categories
- Drill results
- Extracted
- 2026-09-14 11:12:44 UTC
Analysis by Minestarters Atlas
Minestarters Atlas analysis
Summary
Midland Exploration Inc. has reported high-grade gold grab samples from its Caniapisc Au project in James Bay, including a maximum value of 24.5 g/t Au. The September follow-up program identified several new gold-bearing boulders and completed a large-scale geophysical survey.
Reasoning: The release reports significant new high-grade gold grab samples (24.5 g/t Au) from a follow-up exploration program, extending the known mineralization at the Caniapisc Au project.
Positive factors
- High-grade gold grab samples (up to 24.5 g/t Au)
- Discovery of new gold-bearing boulders
- QA/QC protocols disclosed including certified lab and QP sign-off
Negative factors
- Results are from selective grab samples, which may not be representative
Facts used in scoring: 16
Classification and evidence
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Evidence · text
“Quality Control Rock samples from the project were analyzed at Actlabs laboratories in Ancaster, Ontario, by ICP-MS with 4-acid digestion for metals, and by standard fire assay on 30-gram fractions with atomic absorption finish for gold”
Apparent Width Onlynegative
Interval given as downhole width with no true width or drill orientation — apparent width may overstate true thickness.
Why it applies: Interval given as downhole width with no true width or drill orientation — apparent width may overstate true thickness
Evidence · text
“Grab samples are selective by nature and may not be representative of mineralized zones.”
Extracted facts
Stored fact records: 16. Some facts used in scoring do not have a stored record.
Drill Results (16)
Fact 1Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 24.5Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 24.5
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Location
- south centre of the project area
- Easting
- 480181
- Northing
- 5954805
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 24.5 g/t Au is a very high grade for a surface grab sample.
Positive factors
- Exceptional grade for a grab sample
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“24.5”
Context: C563768
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 2Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 19.2Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 19.2
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479245
- Northing
- 5955032
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 19.2 g/t Au is a strong intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- High grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“19.2”
Context: C563926
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 3Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 11.9Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 11.9
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479150
- Northing
- 5955020
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 11.9 g/t Au is a strong intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- High grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“11.9”
Context: C563931
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 4Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 6.47Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 6.47
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 481344
- Northing
- 5956595
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 6.47 g/t Au is a strong intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- High grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“6.47”
Context: C563907
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 5Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 5.35Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 5.35
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479841
- Northing
- 5954328
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 5.35 g/t Au is a strong intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- High grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“5.35”
Context: C563773
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 6Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 3.78Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 3.78
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479248
- Northing
- 5955030
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 3.78 g/t Au is a good intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- Good grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“3.78”
Context: C563927
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 7Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 3.5Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 3.5
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479135
- Northing
- 5954765
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 3.50 g/t Au is a good intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- Good grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“3.50”
Context: C563985
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 8Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 2.91Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 2.91
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 481345
- Northing
- 5956596
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 2.91 g/t Au is a good intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- Good grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“2.91”
Context: C563753
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 9Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 1.97Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 1.97
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479240
- Northing
- 5955042
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 1.97 g/t Au is a good intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- Good grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“1.97”
Context: C563928
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 10Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 1.5Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 1.5
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479494
- Northing
- 5955090
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 1.50 g/t Au is a good intercept for a grab sample.
Positive factors
- Good grade
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“1.50”
Context: C563766
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 11Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 0.93Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.93
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 481450
- Northing
- 5956878
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 0.93 g/t Au is a moderate intercept for a grab sample.
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“0.93”
Context: C563961
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 12Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 0.9Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.9
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 479300
- Northing
- 5954858
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 0.90 g/t Au is a moderate intercept for a grab sample.
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“0.90”
Context: C563924
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 13Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 0.74Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.74
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 480191
- Northing
- 5954693
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 0.74 g/t Au is a moderate intercept for a grab sample.
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“0.74”
Context: C563996
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 14Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 0.63Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.63
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 480214
- Northing
- 5954773
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 0.63 g/t Au is a moderate intercept for a grab sample.
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“0.63”
Context: C563933
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 15Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 0.56Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.56
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 476173
- Northing
- 5953638
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 0.56 g/t Au is a moderate intercept for a grab sample.
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“0.56”
Context: C563972
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
Fact 16Caniapisc Au · goldGrade: 0.56Grade Unit: g/tView all detailsHide details
Identity
- Project
- Caniapisc Au
- Commodity
- gold
- Region
- james bay
- Reported Region
- James Bay
- Ticker
- MD
Geometry
- Grade
- 0.56
- Grade Unit
- g/t
Classification
- Sample Type
- surface
Location
- Easting
- 480469
- Northing
- 5953242
- CRS
- UTM Zone 19 (NAD83)
- Loc. Confidence
- high
- Loc. Source
- document
QA/QC
- Laboratory
- Actlabs
- QA/QC Disclosed
- Yes
- Lab Certified
- Yes
- QP Signed
- Yes
- QA/QC Methods
- standards, blanks
Review
- Needs Review
- No
- Interp. Status
- scored
- Historical
- No
Dates
- Event date
- 2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z
Reasoning: 0.56 g/t Au is a moderate intercept for a grab sample.
Negative factors
- Grab sample selectivity
Evidence · table
“0.56”
Context: C563954
Tags used in scoring
QA/QC Disclosedpositive
Release includes QA/QC disclosure — certified lab, QP sign-off, or stated methods (blanks, standards, duplicates).
Why it applies: qaqc_disclosed is true
Cut-off Undisclosednegative
High-grade interval reported without stating the cut-off grade used for compositing.
Why it applies: no cutoff_grade was stated
How Atlas produces this analysis
Minestarters Atlas uses automated extraction to summarize mining announcements, identify reported measurements, and classify supporting evidence. Sentiment reflects the extracted narrative and classification rules; it is an interpretation, not a reported measurement. Evidence quotes and context are provided where available. Missing data, low-confidence results, and review flags indicate limitations. Check the original publisher announcement before relying on an interpretation.